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5www.mod.go.jp/en/jdf/The Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF) conducted the Japan-ROK-U.S. trilateral exercise “Freedom Edge 25” from September 15 to 19. This was the third trilateral exercise since the first one conducted by Japan-ROK-U.S. in June last year. A trilateral medical training was conducted in the exercise. The training involved Medical Evacuation from a ROK naval vessel to a JMSDF DDH, where they were treated by a joint Japan-U.S. medical team. The JSDF improved tactical skills and promoted trilateral multi-domain interoperability.In demonstrating a collective commitment to strengthen regional and interna-tional cooperation in support of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific, the JSDF, the United States Navy (USN), the Philippine Navy (PN) and the Philippine Air Force (PAF) conducted a Multilateral Exercise as a Maritime Cooperative Ac-tivity (MCA) on September 13.This underscored multilateral commitments to upholding the right of freedom of navigation and overflight, other lawful uses of the sea and international air-space, as well as respect for maritime right under international law, as reflected in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).Multilateral Exercise with the U.S. and Multilateral Exercise with the U.S. and the Philippinesthe PhilippinesTrilateral Exercise “Freedom Edge 25”Trilateral Exercise “Freedom Edge 25”