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7www.mod.go.jp/en/jdf/From February 16 to March 12, the JGSDF conducted a bilater-al field training exercise Iron Fist 23 with the III Marine Expe-ditionary Force, the U.S. Marine Corps. We carried out the ground warfare training, live fire training, amphibious assault training, and airborne training, etc. in order to improve bilateral amphibious operational capabilities. Through this exercise, the JMOD/JSDF enhanced Japan-U.S. bilateral deterrence and response capabilities and further strengthened the Japan-US Alliance. During the exercise, we had observers from the U.S. Embassy, the U. S. Forces Japan, Australia, the UK, Germany and France to strengthen our strong determination to defend remote islands and strengthen unity with like-minded countries. From February 27 to March 12, JS OSUMI, JS HIRASIMA, and JS YAKUSHIMA conducted a bilateral exercise with the US Navy. Through the exercise using landing craft air cush-ion (LCAC), the JMSDF improved interoperability and strengthened the deterrence and response capabilities of the Japan-U.S. Alliance.From March 6 to 8, the JASDF, the JMSDF, the Royal Australian Air Force, and the U.S. Air Force conducted the First Trilateral ISR Exchange in the airspace around Kyushu and Iwakuni Air Base. This exchange contributed to improving interoperability, promoting mutual understanding, and deepening trilateral defense cooperation. In order to uphold and reinforce a Free and Open Indo-Pacific, the JMOD/JSDF will continue to deepen trilateral defense cooperation with Australia and the U.S. through active engagement in these efforts.Iron Fist 23Iron Fist 23Japan-U.S.-Australia Japan-U.S.-Australia Trilateral ISR Exchange　Trilateral ISR Exchange